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The Italian cruiser ''San Marco'' was a armoured cruiser built for the Royal Italian Navy (''Regia Marina'') in the first decade of the 20th century. She was the first large Italian ship fitted with steam turbines and the first turbine-powered ship in any navy to have four propeller shafts.〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 252〕 The ship participated in the Italo-Turkish War of 1911–12, during which time she supported the occupations of Benghazi and Derna, the island of Rhodes, and bombarded the fortifications defending the entrance to the Dardanelles. During World War I, ''San Marco''s activities were limited by the threat of Austro-Hungarian submarines, although the ship did participate in the bombardment of Durazzo, Albania in late 1918. She played a minor role in the Corfu incident in 1923 and was converted into a target ship in the first half of the 1930s. ''San Marco'' was captured by the Germans when they occupied northern Italy in 1943 and was found sunk at the end of the war. The ship was broken up and scrapped in 1949. ==Design and description== The ships of the ''San Giorgio'' class were designed as improved versions of the ''Pisa''-class design. ''San Marco''s design featured several new innovations that differentiated her from her sister ship ''San Giorgio''. ''San Marco'' was given the first steam turbines fitted in a large Italian ship and she was the first turbine-powered ship in any navy to have four shafts, the first with a gyroscopic compass, the first with antiroll tanks, and the first not to use wood in any way.〔Gardiner & Gray, pp. 252, 261〕 ''San Marco'' had a length between perpendiculars of and an overall length of . She had a beam of and a draught of . The ship displaced at normal load, and at deep load. Her complement was 32 officers and 666 to 673 enlisted men.〔Fraccaroli 1971, p. 33〕 The ship was powered by four steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft using steam supplied by 14 Babcock & Wilcox boilers. Designed for a maximum output of and a speed of ,〔Silverstone, p. 290〕 ''San Marco'' handily exceeded this, reaching a speed of during her sea trials from .〔 The ship was also required to be a half a knot faster than ''San Giorgio'', a requirement she easily surpassed.〔Attilio, p. 477〕 ''San Marco'' had a cruising range of at a speed of .〔Gardiner & Gray, p. 261〕 The main armament of the ''San Giorgio''-class ships consisted of four Cannone da 254/45 A Modello 1908 guns in twin-gun turrets fore and aft of the superstructure. The ships mounted eight Cannone da 190/45 A Modello 1908 in four twin-gun turrets, two in each side amidships, as their secondary armament. For defense against torpedo boats, they carried 18 quick-firing (QF) 40-caliber guns. Eight of these were mounted in embrasures in the sides of the hull and the rest in the superstructure.〔 The ships were also fitted with a pair of 40-caliber QF guns. The ''San Giorgio''s were also equipped with three submerged torpedo tubes. During World War I, eight of the 76 mm guns were replaced by six 76 mm anti-aircraft (AA) guns〔 and one torpedo tube was removed.〔 The ships were protected by an armoured belt that was thick amidships and reduced to at the bow and stern.〔 The armoured deck was thick and the conning tower armour was 254 mm thick. The 254 mm gun turrets were protected by 200 mm of armour while the 190 mm turrets had .〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian cruiser San Marco」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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